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Staff Sergeant Piotr Śmietański (born 27 June 1899 in Zawady village – died probably on 23 February 1950),〔( Piotr Śmietański: Dane osoby z katalogu funkcjonariuszy aparatu bezpieczeństwa. ) Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej, 2007 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Scigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu. Source: J. Pawłowicz, ''Rotmistrz Witold Pilecki 1901-1948'', Warsaw 2008, p. 26, 265. 〕 was one of the main executioners in Stalinist Poland, employed by the communist secret police Urząd Bezpieczeństwa.〔 Śmietański was stationed at the Mokotów Prison in the Warsaw borough of Mokotów ((ポーランド語:Więzienie mokotowskie)) known also as ''Rakowiecka Prison'' located at 37 Rakowiecka Street. From World War II until the collapse of the Eastern Bloc in 1989, Mokotów Prison – where Śmietański conducted his deeds – was a place of detention, torture and execution of the Polish anti-communist opposition.〔Tadeusz M. Płużański, ( "Strzał w tył głowy." ) Publicystyka Antysocjalistycznego Mazowsza. 2010.〕 ==Life as executioner== Śmietański – nicknamed by the inmates as the "Butcher of the Mokotow Prison" – executed personally and supervised the executions of hundreds of opponents of the Stalinist regime in PRL. Among them were prominent politicians, social activists and Polish underground fighters, including Lieutenants Jerzy Miatkowski, Tadeusz Pelak, Edmund Tudruj, Arkadiusz Wasilewski, Roman Gronski, Lukasik, Comdt. Hieronim Dekutowski (killed by Śmietański in one day, on March 7, 1949),〔 Adam Doboszyński , Major Zygmunt Szendzielarz, Lieutenants Henryk Borowski, Antoni Olechnowicz, Lucjan Minkiewicz (February 8, 1951), Capt. Stanisław Sojczyński, Wodyński from AK, and countless others,〔( The Doomed Soldiers. ) Polish Underground Soldiers 1944-1963 - The Untold Story. DoomedSoldiers.com〕 including victims of the notorious March 1, 1951 Mokotów Prison execution, who were given five consecutive death sentences each.〔( The Doomed Soldiers. An Account of interrogation methods. ) Polish Underground Soldiers 1944-1963. The Untold Story. DoomedSoldiers.com 〕 Brig. General Emil August Fieldorf was hanged rather than shot to be The head of the Mokotów Prison, Alojzy Grabicki, was sometimes present at the executions.〔 The victims' dead bodies – often undressed and placed in empty cement bags – were wheeled out at night and buried in unmarked graves, leveled out afterwards in the vicinity of different Warsaw cemeteries: in Służew (till mid 1948), the Mokotów and the Powązki cemeteries, or in open fields, in around Pola Mokotowskie, Kabacki forest and Okęcie.〔Płużański, 2010. ( "Strzał w tył głowy." ) Available also via the Internet Archive at: Tadeusz M. Płużański, , Publicystyka Antysocjalistycznego Mazowsza, 27 May 2004. Quote: "Pluton egzekucyjny to był jeden funkcjonariusz UB (morderca, starszy sierżant Piotr Śmietański, sądząc z podpisów na protokołach wykonania KS - ledwo piśmienny - red. )." Posted by Krzysztof Pawlak.〕 On May 25, 1948,〔〔Kon Piekarski, ( ''Escaping Hell: The Story of a Polish Underground Officer'' ), Dundurn Press, 1989, 254 pages. ISBN 1-55002-071-4. Page 249. Google Books.〕 Śmietański personally executed Witold Pilecki,〔Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer, ( ''Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression''. ) The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, ''Harvard University Press'', 1999, 858 pages. ISBN 0-674-07608-7. Page 379.〕 the founder of the Secret Polish Army and prominent member of the Armia Krajowa, famous for his daring mission to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Śmietański is believed to have been paid 1,000 Polish złoty for each execution he carried out, a substantial amount of money under Stalinism. According to Chodakiewicz, he emigrated from Poland in 1968 to Israel, but other historians disagree.〔Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, ( "Marzec 68 - koniec legendy". ) ''Salon 24''. Niezależne forum publicystów. 21 March 2008.〕 For instance, Siergiejczyk mentions a different Śmietański, named Józef, who also left Poland in 1968 as a result of the Polish anti-Zionist campaign conducted by the Polish United Workers' Party.〔Paweł Siergiejczyk, ( Kto i dlaczego wyjeżdżał z Polski po 1968 roku? ) Tygodnik Nasza Polska, ISSN 1425-1914, Indeks 332453, NR 11 (632) 12 March 2008, Wydawnictwo Szaniec〕 In 2003 the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) launched an investigation in order to establish the whereabouts of Piotr Śmietański, with the intention of interviewing him about the remains of Pilecki. They found out that all personal data pertaining to Śmietański was earlier removed from official government records, including from archives of the Ministry of Defence, and the Prison Services. The investigation was halted in 2004.〔Marcin Austyn, ("Oprawca rotmistrza Pileckiego "zniknał" z ewidencji" (PDF), ) ''Nasz Dziennik'', 14 January 2009. Source: ( Niezależny Serwis Informacyjny )〕 Historian Jacek Pawłowicz from IPN in his 2008 book about Pilecki claimed that Śmietański died of tuberculosis at the age of 50 in the year of his last known Mokotów executions.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Piotr Śmietański」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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